PART TWO THE HOUSING GENERATOR PROJECT IN dealing with the apartheid city, one has to deal with the existing urban structure and one cannot assume starting from scratch with a tabula rasa model. The themes for metropolitan planning in the post-apartheid era concern the integrated and fragmented city. THE 'city within a city' concept has relevance in various South African cities. A good example is Cato Manor in the Durban metropolitan area, where a gaping void has been inserted into the urban fabric as a result of Group Areas removals. In terms of this concept, metropolitan growth is accommodated in compact and planned communities. These areas are clustered around the metropolitan core, spreading out to yield a compact overall metropolitan form, each relatively self-contained with an elaborate mix of functions. In this, one can imagine autonomous townships, or the evident formation of enclaves for the wealthy, an aspect already seen all over South Africa. In the integrated model, the urban areas are not single concentrations, but rather integrating components of the complete urban system. Mixed-use activity corridors provide a general method of managing metropolitan growth in South African cities. This concept is highly dependent on the existing spatial forms that were created by apartheid planning. The emphasis is on promoting a growth of mixed-usage corridors between disparate parts of the city, such as under-utilized land and apartheid buffer zones, where these corridors can act as 'seams' to stitch it all together. They can become areas of inter-metropolitan movement, meeting and interaction. Public facilities, commercial and small business activities and high density residential development, for example, would be encouraged into such 'seams', many of which would be areas previously used to discourage interaction between different group areas. ALL other sub-themes can be accommodated by these. South Africa has traditionally emulated other countries, first Dutch and English colonial typologies and later American ones. It is interesting to see whether this is the logical way forward, or whether there should be an intellectual quest for a new identity for the South African cities. South Africa is a country in which private ownership is strongly promoted. There is no precedent for social housing, and social housing policy has only recently been ratified at the national level of government. Contrary to this, the long-standing social housing tradition in The Netherlands has been adapted to the particularities of changing socio-economic and political environments. Can housing associations offer new prospects for the housing problem in South Africa? A collective approach through housing associations can have significant advantages by offering housing choice, housing security and by providing land as property. A housing association can generate work and income by means of new housing projects, maintenance and the manufacturing of local building materials. OTHER themes concern the expanding cities, the continuous sprawl of suburban settlements, and the public and private trade and transport requirements generated by the rampant urbanization, where geographical and environmental issues are to be taken into account. In the search for new solutions, a quintessential question is: how does one provide the lower income groups with inner city, qualitative, affordable residential choices, and access to job opportunities? Dealing with the issues of informal trade, transport and settlements is also vital.